Rugged Computing Glossary

Essential Terms and Standards for Mission-Critical Technology

Navigating rugged computing requires understanding its specialized language. This glossary defines key terms, standards like MIL-STD-810, and essential technologies to help professionals make informed decisions in demanding environments.

Terms Related to Rugged Computing

  • 1U (1RU): One rack unit, measuring 1.75 inches in height, used for rack-mounted equipment.
  • 2U (2RU): Two rack units, measuring 3.5 inches in height.
  • 3U (3RU): Three rack units, measuring 5.25 inches in height.
  • 4U (4RU): Four rack units, measuring 7 inches in height.
  • Application: Software or programs designed to perform specific tasks on rugged computers.
  • Backplane: A circuit board connecting expansion boards and components in rugged computers.
  • Bandwidth: The maximum data transmission rate in a given time, measured in bits per second.
  • Baseboard Management Controller (BMC): A controller that monitors and manages server hardware remotely.
  • Basic Input/Output System (BIOS): Firmware controlling a computer’s basic functions before the operating system loads.
  • Blade Server: A thin, modular server housed in a rack enclosure with others for efficient space use.
  • Cache: A memory component storing frequently accessed data for faster retrieval.
  • CE: A certification mark indicating compliance with EU health, safety, and environmental standards.
  • Central Processing Unit (CPU): The primary processor managing instructions and data for a computer.
  • Chassis: The outer case housing and protecting a computer’s internal components.
  • Chipset: An integrated circuit managing data transfer between a CPU, RAM, and peripherals.
  • Clock Rate: The speed at which a CPU processes instructions, measured in GHz.
  • Command and Control (C2): Military activities focused on achieving goals and managing missions.
  • Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS): Readily available computers or components with no need for customization.
  • Compliance: Adherence to industry or military standards.
  • Compliance Testing: Processes ensuring rugged computers meet specific military or industrial standards.
  • Data Communications: The transfer of electronic information between devices.
  • Data Transfer Rate: The actual speed at which data moves between devices in a network.
  • Digital Video Interface (DVI): A video standard supporting analog and digital signals.
  • DisplayPort: A high-definition digital video and audio interface.
  • Edge: The point in an edge computing architecture where data is processed near its source.
  • Edge Computer: A rugged computer designed for processing data in edge computing systems.
  • Embedded Computer: A rugged computer integrated into a larger system for a specific function.
  • End of Life (EOL): The point at which a computer is no longer supported by the manufacturer.
  • Fully Rugged: A category of devices designed to operate in harsh conditions.
  • Gigabit Ethernet (GbE): A high-speed Ethernet standard supporting 1 Gbps bandwidth.
  • Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): A processor specialized for rendering graphics.
  • Hard Disk Drive (HDD): A data storage device using spinning magnetic platters.
  • Humidity Testing: A MIL-STD-810 test evaluating device performance in high-humidity environments.
  • Industrial Server: A rugged computer designed for demanding industrial applications.
  • Input/Output (I/O): Operations where a computer sends or receives data.
  • Intel Xeon: High-performance CPUs designed for servers and workstations.
  • International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR): U.S. regulations controlling defense-related exports.
  • MIL-STD-810: A military standard defining environmental test methods for rugged devices.
  • MIL-STD-461: A standard evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of rugged devices.
  • MIL-S-901: A standard assessing shipboard equipment’s resistance to shock.
  • Mission-Critical: Hardware or software essential for high-stakes military operations.
  • Rack Unit (RU): A unit of measure for the height of rack-mounted equipment.
  • Random-Access Memory (RAM): Volatile memory storing data temporarily for quick access.
  • Rugged Computer: A computer designed to operate in extreme conditions.
  • Stress Test: Testing a computer’s durability under extreme conditions.
  • Specifications: Detailed technical information about a rugged computer’s capabilities.
  • Temperature Testing: Assessing a device’s performance in extreme temperatures.
  • Trusted Platform Module (TPM): A hardware component for secure encryption and data protection.
  • Ultra-Rugged: A highly durable category of rugged computers designed for extreme environments.
  • Vibration Testing: MIL-STD-810 test subjecting devices to intense shaking to assess durability.